Basin formation is a scientific research area that focuses on the processes involved in the formation of geological basins on Earth's surface. Basins are low-lying areas of land that collect sediment and water, often surrounded by higher elevation features such as mountains or plateaus. Researchers in this field study the tectonic, sedimentary, and climatic processes that contribute to the formation of basins. This includes investigating the movement of Earth's crust, the deposition of sediment, the erosion of rock, and the impact of factors such as tectonic plates, volcanic activity, and climate change. Understanding the formation of basins is important for a variety of scientific disciplines, including geology, geography, and environmental science. It can provide valuable insights into Earth's history, the distribution of natural resources, and the dynamics of Earth's surface processes.